2015初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全(11)

 (11)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。如：I don’t think so.(我認(rèn)為不是這樣的。)/ He lost a book.  So did I.(他丟失了一本書(shū),我也是。)

 (12)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的區(qū)別：五個(gè)“名詞+介詞”短語(yǔ)都表示“大量,許多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,可以相應(yīng)地?fù)Q為much和many；plenty of“足夠、大量”,既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。a number of / large numbers of只可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式(它修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式)可以換為some、many、a lot of、plenty of。a great deal of只可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞(它修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式)可以換為much。

如：A lot of people think that time is money.(許多的人認(rèn)為時(shí)間就是金錢(qián)。)/ I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不著趕忙,因?yàn)槲矣谐渥愕臅r(shí)間。)/ I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要寫(xiě))/ I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在購(gòu)物方面我花費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間/金錢(qián)。)

 (13)none、no one、nobody的區(qū)別：no one和nobody都表示“沒(méi)有人”,僅指人,后面不跟of短語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式；none表示“沒(méi)有一個(gè)人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(沒(méi)有人知道他是怎樣搞到那張票的)/ Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天沒(méi)有一個(gè)人交作文。)/ None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天沒(méi)有一個(gè)朋友來(lái)看我。)

9、相互代詞：表示相互關(guān)系的詞叫相互代詞。

each other ,one another是相互代詞,譯成“互相”,可以通用。each other表示兩者之間,而one anther表示許多人之間。它們有所有格形式each other’s ,one another’s。如：We must help each otherwhen we are in trouble.(我們身處困境時(shí)要互相幫助。)/ They sat there without talking to one another / each other.(他們坐在那兒,互相都不說(shuō)話。)

10、疑問(wèn)代詞：用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題的代詞稱為疑問(wèn)代詞。

1、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特殊疑問(wèn)句中,一般放在句首。口語(yǔ)中也常用who代替whom作賓語(yǔ),但在介詞后則只能用whom。如：

Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?(你都邀請(qǐng)了誰(shuí)參加你的生日聚會(huì)的？)/ What does she want to be when she grows up?(她長(zhǎng)大了想干什么？)

2、who和whom只能獨(dú)立使用,其中who可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),whom只能作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)；而what、which、whose等既可以獨(dú)立使用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),也可以與名詞構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)短語(yǔ)。如：Who is that man?(那男的是誰(shuí)？)/ What colour are their hats?(他們的帽子是什么顏色？)/ Which car was made in Germany?(哪輛車(chē)是德國(guó)造的？)(被動(dòng)句)

注意這個(gè)提問(wèn)：The man in the car is my father.(車(chē)?yán)锏哪腥耸俏腋赣H)

             →Which man is your father?(哪個(gè)男人是你的父親？)

3、which除了可以詢問(wèn)指代的情況之外,還可以針對(duì)說(shuō)明人物的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、歲數(shù)、顏色、大小、狀況等進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。如：People there live a very sad life.(那里的人生活凄慘)→Which people live a sad life? (哪些人生活凄慘？)/ --Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?(為了度假你預(yù)訂了哪家旅館？)—The biggest one in Haikou.(�？谳^大的那家旅館)

4、疑問(wèn)代詞不分單復(fù)數(shù),視它所替代的人或事物決定單復(fù)數(shù),但是通常用單數(shù)；如果修飾名詞,則以名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)為準(zhǔn)。如：Who is (are) in that playhouse?(誰(shuí)在游戲房里？)/ What is that? (那是什么？)/ What are those? (那些是什么？) / What colours do they have?(它們有哪些顏色？)